Every testosterone supplement chases the hormone. None of them support the system that makes it.

A standardized water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia taken at 200 mg per day raised sperm concentration by 256% in a 12-week trial of men with idiopathic infertility. PatriaMen uses 400 mg of a 100:1 extract, which gives twice the clinical-trial dose without entering territory that has no published evidence above 600 mg.

Tambi MI et al. Andrologia, 2012.

KSM-66 at 600 mg per day reduces serum cortisol by 27.9% on average and supports endogenous testosterone production in stressed men. The "felt benefit" customers notice in the first week — deeper sleep, lower morning anxiety — comes from this ingredient.

Lopresti et al. American Journal of Men's Health, 2019.

The single most evidence-backed ingredient in male fertility literature. CoQ10 supplementation raises sperm concentration by approximately 10 million sperm per mL in pooled trial data, and improves both motility and morphology by protecting mitochondrial function in developing sperm.

Lafuente R et al. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2013. Salvio et al. Antioxidants, 2021 (meta-analysis).

Zinc is a required cofactor for the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme that converts androstenedione into testosterone. Mild zinc deficiency is common in American men and is associated with reduced serum testosterone. 25 mg is the dose used in the Prasad clinical studies on zinc and androgen status.

Prasad AS et al. Nutrition, 1996.

10 mg per day for one week reduces sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and raises free testosterone. SHBG binds testosterone in the bloodstream and makes it biologically inactive. Lower SHBG means more usable testosterone from the same total. Many testosterone supplements on the market use 3–4 mg of boron, which is below the dose that moves SHBG.

Naghii MR et al. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2011.

The active alkaloid in black pepper inhibits hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation, which increases the bioavailability of co-administered nutrients by 20–30% on average. In PatriaMen, piperine is the multiplier that makes every other ingredient land harder.

Shoba G et al. Planta Medica, 1998.

Vitamin D acts as a pre-hormone and is associated with serum testosterone levels in men. Vitamin D deficiency is common — over 40% of American adults — and supplementation in deficient men raises total testosterone by ~25% over 12 months. 4,000 IU is the safe upper limit for daily supplementation in the absence of medical guidance.

Pilz S et al. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2011.

Selenium is required for the synthesis of selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase, which protect sperm cells from oxidative damage during the 40+ day window where they are most vulnerable. Selenium supplementation in subfertile men improves motility and morphology.

Safarinejad MR & Safarinejad S. J Urol, 2009.

Folate is essential for the DNA synthesis and methylation that occurs throughout spermatogenesis. Low folate status is associated with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation. The clinical evidence for folate in sperm parameters specifically uses folic acid (synthetic folate), not 5-MTHF, which is why PatriaMen uses folic acid.

Boxmeer JC et al. Fertility & Sterility, 2009.

Sperm cell membranes are built largely from DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid. Men with higher omega-3 intake show better sperm motility and morphology. PatriaMen includes 1,000 mg of fish oil (18% EPA / 12% DHA) as a separate softgel, free in every tube. No competitor in the testosterone-support category includes omega-3.

Safarinejad MR. Andrologia, 2011.